Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) is an instructional framework designed to maximize academic achievement and positive behavior. It uses a tiered structure built on data-informed decisions, responsive interventions, and a focus on growth. A key principle: tiers are not people, places, or programs — they describe types of instruction and support.
The three tiers
- Tier 1 — Universal. Core instruction that works for about 80% of students, using evidence-based, differentiated strategies. Instructional cycles typically run 8–12 weeks, with students moving fluidly between tiers based on screening and progress data.
- Tier 2 — Targeted. Supplemental support for about 10–15% of students, delivered through small groups or push-in/pull-out support.
- Tier 3 — Intensive. Focused, individualized support for about 1–5% of students with significant gaps. Tier 3 is not the same as special education. Students who grow return to lower tiers; those who make minimal progress may be referred for a special education evaluation.
Problem-solving model
- Identify — Define the concern and collect baseline data.
- Analyze — Review the data and validate what's driving the concern.
- Plan — Choose intervention strategies and how progress will be monitored.
- Evaluate — After an 8–12 week cycle, assess whether goals were met.
MTSS is not intended as a pathway to special education — but it is required for a student to be found eligible under certain special education disability categories.